T 1689/12 - Reformatio in peius of claims

Key points

• The Board does  not admit a claims request previously submitted but withdrawn before the OD. Even if the OD was entirely negative in its preliminary opinion and the patentee had withdrawn the request so as to streamline the discussion.
• The Board indicates that because Article 100(c) EPC was not a ground for opposition raised by the opponent, the claims as granted are " regarded as being based on the original disclosure" . 
• The claims as maintained by the OD can not be challenged by the non-appealing opponent, in view of the prohibition of reformatio in peius. Even if the claims request at issue contains added claims.
• The Board accepts the addition of an independent claim under Rule 80 EPC as being exceptional case. 

EPO T 1689/12 - link

Reasons for the Decision

1. Main request

1.1 The main request corresponds to the former fourth auxiliary request filed with the statement setting out the grounds of appeal. As put forward in the annex to the summons to oral proceedings, point 8.1.1, this auxiliary request corresponds to the then auxiliary request 4 in opposition, which was withdrawn by the appellant during the oral proceedings before the opposition division (see minutes, point 1).

Hence, its subject-matter has not been dealt with in the impugned decision. This was not contested by the appellant.

1.2 As stated in T 1067/08, not published in OJ EPO, point 7 of the reasons, the "purpose of the inter partes appeal procedure is mainly to give the losing party a possibility to challenge the decision of the opposition division on its merits and to obtain a judicial ruling on whether the decision of the opposition division is correct (G 9/91 and G 10/91, OJ EPO 1993, 408, 420)".

This means that "parties to first-instance proceedings are not at liberty to bring about the shifting of their case to the second instance as they please, and so compel the board of appeal either to give a first ruling on the critical issues or to remit the case to the department of first instance. Conceding such freedom to a party (and/or to the department of first instance) would run counter to orderly and efficient proceedings. In effect, it would allow a kind of "forum shopping" which would jeopardise the proper distribution of functions between the departments of first instance and the boards of appeal and would be absolutely unacceptable for procedural economy generally".

In order to forestall such conduct, Article 12(4) RPBA provides that the Board has the power to hold inadmissible any requests which could have been presented - in the present case, could have been maintained - in the first-instance proceedings.

The Board applies, to the benefit of the appellant, a more lenient "should have been presented" in this requirement, i.e. "should have been maintained", in the present case. In any case, the jurisprudence of the Boards of Appeal is quite clear in this respect: the request should have been subjected to the decision under appeal so that the Board can conduct a final review of the reasons for the decision given on this point (see e.g. T 1067/08, supra, point 8.1 of the reasons; Case Law of the Boards of Appeal, 8th Edition, 2016, IV.E.4.1.4 and IV.E.4.3.2.d)

Therefore, taking into consideration the above principles, the main request is not admitted into the proceedings (Article 12(4) RPBA).

1.3 As put forward in its written submission dated 26 August 2016 and at the oral proceedings, the appellant argues that this request (the then auxiliary request 4 in opposition) was filed in due time and sufficiently in advance during the opposition proceedings for the respondent/opponent to react. The opposition division even took position on its subject-matter in its preliminary opinion which, hence, was then part of the discussions.

The appellant withdrew this request for increasing procedural efficiency as it was sure, in view of the negative preliminary opinion of the opposition division, that it would not be regarded as allowable. Further, the opposition division made it clear at the very beginning of the oral proceedings that only a limited number of requests would be discussed. Hence, the appellant, by withdrawing this request, followed the opposition division's demand and helped to ensuring an efficient procedure. It should not be penalised for that.

The appellant further argues that this very request was presented with the statement setting out the grounds of appeal, pursuant to Article 12(2) RPBA. Since its subject-matter is not complex and does not raise issues which the Board or the respondent cannot reasonably be expected to deal with without adjournment of the oral proceedings, it should be admitted into the proceedings. It is surely not an abuse of the proceedings.

1.4 The Board cannot share this view for the reasons already given under point 1.2 above.

In addition, it is not because a request has been filed at some point during the opposition proceedings that the patent proprietor maintains the right to reintroduce it later in the proceedings, if withdrawn. By withholding the request, the impugned decision is completely silent on it. This means that the patent proprietor will present for the first time in appeal its arguments against the preliminary opinion of the opposition division, without the latter having dealt with these arguments. This does not enable the Board to review the decision in this respect. It may have been procedurally efficient for the patent proprietor, it runs counter to procedural efficiency before the Board.

Finally, the Board cannot see any development during the oral proceedings before the opposition division or any reasons in the impugned decision which could have made the re-introduction of the request in appeal acceptable pursuant to Article 12(4) RPBA. The fact that the subject-matter of this request is seen by the appellant as being not complex with no need to adjourn the oral proceedings concerns Article 13 RPBA, which is not the issue here.

2. Auxiliary request 1

Apart from the set of claims according to the patent as maintained by the opposition division, this auxiliary request further comprises additional claims 2-11 and 14, claims 2 and 14 being independent claims.

2.1 Admission into the proceedings

2.1.1 At the oral proceedings the respondent objected to the admission of this auxiliary request into the proceedings arguing that the subject-matter of the added independent claims 2 and 14 had been deliberately withdrawn during the opposition proceedings.

For supporting its view it referred to annex 4 of the minutes (see also annex II of the impugned decision), corresponding to the set of claims of the patent as maintained by the opposition division, in which it appears that the appellant actively deleted in claim 1 (see hand-written amendments/strikethrough) the subject-matter of claim 2 of the auxiliary request ("arranged in"). The same deletion was made in claim 3 of annex 4 of the minutes for the subject-matter of claim 14 of the present auxiliary request. Having them now in the auxiliary request amounts to requesting their reintroduction in appeal.

Consequently, the auxiliary request should not be admitted into the proceedings for the same reasons as those given for the main request under point 1 above.

2.1.2 The Board cannot share this view since the subject-matter of claims 2 and 14 of the auxiliary request, contrary to the respondent's view, has never been withdrawn by the appellant. As a matter of fact, their subject-matters are comprised in, at least, the auxiliary requests 2, 2A and 5A dealt with in the impugned decision (see claims 1 and 13 of the then auxiliary requests 2 and 2A; claims 1 and 12 of the then auxiliary request 5A). The subject-matters are hence part of the factual and legal scope of the impugned decision to be reviewed by the Board.

The fact that these requests were regarded as not allowable by the opposition division on grounds not related to the patentability of their subject-matters, e.g. novelty and/or inventive step, is irrelevant. What matters is that these requests, more importantly their subject-matters, were at the basis of the impugned decision (see point XI, uncontested by the respondent) and, hence, not withdrawn. Consequently, the situation for the main request under point 1 above does not apply.

2.1.3 The subject-matters of the again added independent claims 2 and 14 correspond to the first alternative of the independent claims 1 and 13 of the former sixth auxiliary request filed with the statement setting out the grounds of appeal, pursuant to Article 12(2) RPBA. Their subject-matters were dealt with by the respondent in its reply dated 23 January 2013, points 6 and 7, and also by the Board in the annex to the summons to oral proceedings, points 10.2 to 10.4.

As a result, these claims, i.e the auxiliary request, cannot raise issues which the Board or the respondent could not reasonably be expected to deal with without adjournment of the oral proceedings, pursuant to Article 13(3) RPBA.

Therefore, the Board sees no reason not to admit the auxiliary request into the proceedings.

2.2 Objections against claims 1 and 13

2.2.1 As argued in its written submission dated 30 August 2016 and at the oral proceedings, the respondent considers that claims 1 and 13 of the auxiliary request do not fulfill the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC. The respondent holds the view that this objection should be admitted into the proceedings and taken into account by the Board as it reviews the impugned decision completely; only valid patents are to be maintained.

2.2.2 The Board cannot share this view taking account of the principle of the prohibition of reformatio in peius. When the patent proprietor is the sole appellant as in the present case, "the patent as maintained by the Opposition Division in its interlocutory decision cannot be objected to by the Board of Appeal, either at the request of the respondent/opponent or ex officio" (see G 1/99, OJ EPO 2001, 381, point 4.1 of the reasons).

Further, as stated in T 856/92, not published in OJ EPO, point 2 of the reasons, "[S]since no appeal was filed against the maintenance of these claims (the proprietor of the patent is the sole Appellant), neither the Board nor the Opponent may challenge the maintenance of the patent on the basis of these claims (see decision of the Enlarged Board of Appeal G 9/92, OJ EPO 94, 875; in particular first paragraph of the headnote). No comment is therefore required with respect to these claims" (in bold emphasis added by the Board; see also Case Law of the Boards of Appeal, 8th Edition, 2016, IV.E.3.1 and IV.E.3.1.5; T 1626/11, not published in OJ EPO; point 1 of the reasons).

In the present case, no appeal was filed against the set of claims according to the patent as maintained, of which claims 1 and 3 correspond to claims 1 and 13 of the auxiliary request.

As a consequence, the independent claims 1 and 13 of the auxiliary request cannot be challenged in the present appeal so that the objections raised by the respondent against them are not admitted into the proceedings.

2.3 Amendments

2.3.1 Article 100(c) EPC is not a ground for opposition raised by the opponent. The claims of the patent as granted are regarded as being based on the original disclosure.

2.4 Objection under Rule 80 EPC

2.4.1 As argued at the oral proceedings, the respondent considers that the device of claim 2 of the auxiliary request is a preferred embodiment of the device of claim 1 of the auxiliary request. In claim 1 it is referred to the stabilizing device being mounted anywhere on the beam ("arranged at"), while in claim 2 the stabilizing device is specified to be arranged in the beam. Claim 2 should therefore have been drafted as dependent on claim 1. As a consequence, the requirements of Rule 80 EPC are not fulfilled as introducing a further independent claim cannot be considered as having been occasioned by a ground for opposition.

2.4.2 The Board cannot share this view for the following reasons given by the appellant at the oral proceedings.

Claim 2 cannot be seen as a mere preferred embodiment to that of claim 1, i.e. as comprising all features of the device of claim 1 with only additional restrictive features. It is indeed not specified in claim 2 that the air-knife needs to be "fixedly connected to the stabilizing members" while this is the case in claim 1. In claim 2, the relative arrangement of the air-knife and the stabilizing device/members is not specified as it is in claim 1. The air-knife can be mounted anywhere on the beam, unrelated to the stabilizing device/members. The air-knife can hence be mounted outside the beam while the stabilizing device as a whole is arranged in the beam. It is therefore clear to the Board that claims 1 and 2 of the auxiliary request concern two distinct embodiments.

This also applies mutatis mutandis to the method claims 13 and 14.

T 181/02, not published in OJ EPO, point 3.2 of the reasons, states after having referred to T 610/95, neither published in OJ EPO, that:

"Only in exceptional cases can the replacement of a granted single independent claim by two or more independent claims be occasioned by a ground for opposition, for example in cases where a granted independent claim covers two specific embodiments. In such a case it has already been regarded as admissible under Rule 57a EPC 1973 [Rule 80 EPC 2000] to file two independent claims, each protecting one of these two embodiments (see T 223/97)" (in bold emphasis and addition by the Board; see also Case Law of the Boards of Appeal, 8th Edition 2016, IV.D.4.1.4.b).

The Board considers that the present case is such an exceptional case. As a result, the Board fails to see in which respect the auxiliary request contravenes the requirements of Rule 80 EPC.

The Board further notes that taking into consideration the restrictive view of the opposition division on the filing of two independent claims which has resulted in the non-allowability of some of the then requests on the basis of Rule 80 EPC (see impugned decision, points 3.1.7 and 3.1.8), the appellant had no other choice but to file for the first time such a request in appeal with two independent claims covering two distinct embodiments.

2.4.3 The requirements of Article 123(3) EPC are also fulfilled since each of the independent claims 2 and 14 comprises a further limitation with respect to the claims 1 and 12 of the patent as granted, respectively. This has not been contested by the respondent.

2.4.4 The features added to claims 2 and 14 of the auxiliary request with respect to claims 1 and 12 of the patent as granted, respectively, also do not introduce non-compliance with Article 84 EPC. This has not been contested by the respondent.