T 2348/19 - Decision lacking a signature

 Key points

• The decision of the OD was signed by the first and second member and the first member also signed for the chair, i.e. the chair did not sign the decision.
• The Board, in the headnote: “If a member of the department of first instance, who participated in the oral proceedings before that department, is unable to act at the time the reasoned decision is to be issued, for example due to death or a longer lasting illness, one of the other members may sign on behalf of the incapacitated member. However, in such a situation, a written explanation as to why one member is signing on behalf of another must be provided. In the absence of such an explanation, the contravention of Rule 113(1) EPC constitutes a substantial procedural violation”
• “The fact that the chair did not sign the decision, i.e. that the decision is tainted with a substantial procedural deficiency, does not render that decision "null and void" in the sense that it never had any legal effect, contrary to the conclusions drawn in T 390/86 (cf. point 8 of the Reasons). Rather, a reasoned decision affected by such a substantial procedural violation ceases to have a legal effect only if set aside by the competent Board of Appeal (T 2076/11, point 5 of the Reasons; see also J 8/18, point 2 of the Reasons).”
• The case is remitted back to the OD.

T 2348/19 - 

https://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/recent/t192348eu1

Reasons for the Decision

1. Signatures on the reasoned decision and the minutes

1.1 Pursuant to Rule 113(1) EPC, any decision from the European Patent Office must be signed by, and state the name of, the employee responsible.

1.2 The board endorses the established view that this requirement is not just a mere formality but an essential procedural step in the decision-taking process. The name and the signature serve to identify the decision's authors and express that they unconditionally assume responsibility for its content. The requirement laid down in Rule 113(1) EPC is aimed at preventing arbitrariness and abuse and at ensuring that it can be verified that the competent body has taken the decision. It therefore constitutes an embodiment of the rule of law. According to settled case law, a violation of the requirement under Rule 113(1) EPC amounts to a substantial procedural violation (cf. J 16/17, points 2.2 and 2.3 of the Reasons; T 2076/11, point 1 of the Reasons; T 989/19, point 3 of the Reasons). Moreover, a Board may address such a substantial procedural violation of its own motion (cf. T 989/19, point 2 of the Reasons).

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1.3 If a member of the department of first instance, who participated in the oral proceedings before that department, is unable to act at the time the reasoned decision is to be issued, for example due to death or a longer lasting illness, one of the other members may sign on behalf of the incapacitated member. However, in such a situation, a written explanation as to why one member is signing on behalf of another must be provided (see T 1170/05, point 2.4 of the Reasons, T 2076/11, point 3 of the Reasons, and T 989/19, point 5 of the Reasons).

1.4 In the absence of such an explanation, there is no guarantee that the reasoned decision accurately reflects the majority point of view of all members who have taken part in the first-instance oral proceedings and the deciding board is not able to verify whether the competent body has indeed taken the decision. Such a contravention of Rule 113(1) EPC constitutes a substantial procedural violation.

1.5 Furthermore, pursuant to Rule 124(3) EPC, the minutes of oral proceedings held must be authenticated by the employee responsible for drawing them up and by the employee who conducted the oral proceedings. A violation of this requirement also constitutes a substantial procedural violation (cf. T 2076/11, point 7 of the Reasons).

1.6 In the present case, the chair of the opposition division signed neither the minutes nor the reasoned decision, and in neither case a written explanation was provided why the first examiner signed on his behalf. Both of these incidents constitute a substantial procedural violation which affect the entire decision under appeal.

1.7 The fact that the chair did not sign the decision, i.e. that the decision is tainted with a substantial procedural deficiency, does not render that decision "null and void" in the sense that it never had any legal effect, contrary to the conclusions drawn in T 390/86 (cf. point 8 of the Reasons). Rather, a reasoned decision affected by such a substantial procedural violation ceases to have a legal effect only if set aside by the competent Board of Appeal (T 2076/11, point 5 of the Reasons; see also J 8/18, point 2 of the Reasons).

1.8 The nature of the above fundamental deficiencies which are apparent in the proceedings before the opposition division justify an immediate remittal of the case to the opposition division under Article 111(1) EPC and Article 11 RPBA 2020, without entering into the merits of the case. In addition, pursuant to Rule 103(1)(a) EPC, reimbursement of the appeal fee in full is also justified.

2. Auxiliary requests for oral proceedings

2.1 The appellant requested oral proceedings in the event that the opposed patent is not maintained as granted or in amended form according to the claims of the pending auxiliary requests. The respondent requested oral proceedings in the event that the proprietor's appeal is not dismissed (see points VII and VIII above).

2.2 The board recalls that a request for oral proceedings under Article 116(1) EPC is required to be granted if it is envisaged that a final decision might be issued which is adverse to the party making that request (see e.g. T 47/94, point 6 of the Reasons). However, it is established jurisprudence of the Boards of Appeal that - also in inter partes cases - a remittal of an appeal case without any consideration of the substantive issues is not to be considered as being adverse to a party, so that no hearing before the board is deemed to be necessary or appropriate solely to discuss whether or not such a case should be remitted (see e.g. T 42/90, point 5 of the Reasons; T 166/91, point 7 of the Reasons; T 315/92, point 5 of the Reasons; T 47/94, point 6 of the Reasons; T 1727/12, point 3 of the Reasons).

3. In view of the above, the board's decision is handed down in written proceedings (cf. Article 12(8) RPBA 2020).

Order

For these reasons it is decided that:

1. The decision under appeal is set aside.

2. The case is remitted to the opposition division for further prosecution.

3. The appeal fee is reimbursed..html